
"He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother."—George Orwell
Living (as most of us here do) in an alternate sonic universe, where musicians totally unknown to 99 percent of the world are worshipped like gods, makes for a kind of dissonance that can be cool, and fun, but is most often jarring, and can be injurious to one’s self-esteem. One of the few positive aspects of Internet message boards is that every once in awhile, you can post a message and get a response from somebody who’s got more Keiji Haino albums than you do, thus making you officially no longer the geekiest person you know. It’s a nice feeling, for the few moments that it lasts. But I still can’t forget all the years before I got online, when I was creeping through my high school halls blasting Borbetomagus’s Live In Allentown, or Miles Davis’s On The Corner, in my Walkman and trying in vain to figure out what earthly pleasure anyone could possibly get from U2’s The Joshua Tree.
Here’s the bad thing about going online, though: there are lots of other critics there. Many of them have blogs. And a hell of a lot of them (or maybe it’s just the ones posting at I Love Music) seem to love mainstream pop.
When I started writing about music for money, I deluded myself that the feeling of geekiness, of permanent outsiderdom, would go away. That my tastes were in some way being validated by the fact that I could get an editor to print an interview with, say, Blixa Bargeld, and maybe even pay me. And for awhile, that delusion held, especially when (as happened a few times) I got letters from kids in scuzzy tanktowns saying "I bought [insert zine title here] and your stuff is great! I bought that Flipper album you talked about, and I love it!" That kind of feedback went a long way toward making my attitude toward music criticism what it is, which is this:
Critics get records for free. (Occasionally I will write about a record I’ve gone out and paid cash for, like a review of a new Noah Howard 2-CD set I’ve got coming in the March 04 Wire, but 95 percent of the time, the previous statement holds true.) Thus, it’s easy to lose sight of the fact that the person reading the review does not get that record for free, and, depending on how obscure it is, they may have to go to some trouble to find a copy. So it’s important, to me, to explain, in plain language, whether or not that record is worth the money and effort it will take to get it.
(Yes, go ahead and gasp in horror: I am one of those "consumer guide" critics. I don’t write about the social context in which an album was created, or how/whether it "speaks truth to power," I don’t write about who the bass player is sleeping with, or who in the band’s hometown scene loves or hates them. I try my best to describe what the music sounds like, occasionally employing references I anticipate the majority of my theoretical readers understanding, and I issue a recommendation. Buy it, don’t buy it. One more thing: I try to write about records that need the help. I don’t think there’s any virtue inherent in obscurity. I don’t think selling more than 500 copies of a CD is a sin. And I don’t think that any particular genre of music is doomed to obscurity because of how it sounds. I know a disc like Too Beautiful To Burn won’t do Shania Twain numbers, but listening to it, I feel like it ought to appeal to a wider variety of people than it’s likely to reach, just because of where it’ll get reviewed and where it won’t. For these reasons, I tend to pitch reviews of records I don’t think anybody else will be pitching. I don’t need to be the 500th person to talk about how great Radiohead is. I’d rather be one of six people who talk about how great Pelican is. And wow, are they. But that’s a topic for another time.)
But I’m not anti pop. Really, I’m not. I bought the last Kylie Minogue album, and the Missy Elliott album before the most recent one. Still, it seems to me that critics who write about pop are wasting their time, and their readers’. And, more problematically (because it poisons discourse), it seems to me that critics who write about pop often do so with a venomous defensiveness that helps nothing and no one.
First of all, pop records don’t need critics’ help. Justin Timberlake, to take a recent example, has a multi-million-dollar promotional budget at his disposal. He makes videos that get played dozens of times a day on MTV. His songs are on the radio almost constantly. He has appeared on the cover of People and US Weekly and Rolling Stone and Details, and I’m sure The Weekly Standard and The New Republic would put him on their covers, if they could figure out a way to justify it. So for music critics to expend print-space (or bandwidth) talking about him is, ultimately, a waste. They are not going to convince anyone otherwise not inclined to purchase a Justin Timberlake CD that, in fact, a Justin Timberlake CD is exactly what they need. Ain’t gonna happen, at least not in sufficient numbers to justify covering him versus covering Pelican. Anybody who wants to can form a judgement of their own about Timberlake simply by turning on the radio. Thus the record is literally critic-proof; there is no role for the critic as informer, as consumer guide, there.
Second of all, I sometimes feel, reading articles like this one, that critics who spend a lot of their time gushing over pop know, on some level, that what they’re doing is ultimately useless, and that’s why they get so defensive about it. Like The New Yorker needs to get on board the Justin Timberlake bandwagon. Pop is not a fit subject for criticism because not only is it critic-proof, but it seems to be designed to lash out against criticism, to resist contextualization, to murder thought. So how does a writer justify attempting to say anything beyond "I like this record. It makes me jump around"? He (and it’s mostly a male thing) does it by bashing those who don’t see the value in Justin Timberlake, or Missy Elliott, as anti-fun, or "worse," as elitists ("rockist," as Frere-Jones points out, is the epithet of choice), holding on to some foggy memory of the days when white guitar rock ruled the world. Accusations of racism and classism, tossed about because not everybody's wowed by this month's hot sample, or the latest flashy video. It's just one more variation on the oldest (and most dishonest) game in America.
But the pop edifice remains impassive, impenetrable. The pop industry is as indifferent to its sycophants as it is to its would-be assassins. The only time the industry registers concern is when sales drop, and there’s no demonstrable correlation between reviews and sales. (This isn’t a purely music-biz phenomenon, either; The Cat In The Hat, to pick but one example, did land-office business despite uniformly, unrelentingly savage write-ups.) On the other hand, a well-placed review of a struggling death-metal band can mean the difference between 5000 and 10,000 CDs sold, and that’s no small difference.
Pop doesn’t care whether critics like it or not. Its power is in its omnipresence, in its irresistibility (irresistible like a tank through the front door, not like a chocolate truffle on the tongue). Pop is about control. When Timbaland (a producer who works with both Justin Timberlake and Missy Elliott, as well as many other folks in the post-soul hip-hop pop continuum) incorporates Indian music, or initially-jarring video-game samples, into his work, it’s not about subverting the pop orthodoxy. It’s about reinforcing that orthodoxy, by showing that nothing can escape pop’s omnivorousness. Everything is fodder for the mulching process in which music becomes pop music.
This doesn’t mean that non-pop music, that which has yet to be consumed and turned into an R&B backing track, is about insurgency. But the pop industry must crush that which it has not itself produced or found a need for. Therefore, reviews of non-pop records, of records deemed commercially unpalatable or too weird for the mass market, can (must, perhaps) be viewed as altruistic gestures. To review a pop record, positively or negatively, is to kneel before the throne. To review an obscure record, thereby granting it the glimmer of limelight the industry would deny it, is nobler, and ultimately, I’d say, the proper job of a critic.
Why does this bother me? I don't know. I get to write what I want, about who I want, so why should it concern me what other critics write about? Why do I feel like I'm back sitting at the uncool kids' table because I don't like 50 Cent or crunk or whatever else is getting written up in the Village Voice this week? I guess the same impulse that drives me to proselytize about obscure death metal records under the presumption that someone will read my words and respond makes me think I can change the minds of my fellow writers, too.
But of course that's just a delusion. Hubris. From an elitist, old before his time, who hates fun.
Posted by phil on January 23, 2004 9:28 AMPhil, this is why we need your blog back!
I think the intelligentsia/blogerati overt love of the most mainstream pop is simply over-compensation for years of being seen as depressed indie-nerds or something. Nothing wrong with that, except when it leads to long-winded defenses of the most commercially-succesful music around.
However, it is quite clear that your own plans to occupy a niche in which your actions are effective stem simply from a desire to feel special. Nothing wrong with that either, as I have the same plan and desire myself.
But isn't talking about pop on Bagatellen a bit pointless? I don't get the impression that the Bags readers (at least, the ones that post comments) navigate the musical blogosphere that much.
Posted by: mke at January 23, 2004 5:23 PMOf course, I have absolutely nothing on which to base that last comment.
Posted by: mke at January 23, 2004 5:24 PMJohn Butcher told me he thinks good reviews are irrelevant to how well a record sells (in his experience), and I'm still trying to decide whether I agree with him. in my world, at least, I don't think there are always links between rave reviews and increased sales, no matter where those reviews are. Marcello Carlin and Rob Young both chose Marcus Schmickler's Pluramon CD as their single favorite release of 2003, and wrote long raves about it, but if Karaoke Kalk can't get good distribution for it, those don't matter so much.
I keep an eye on the blogosphere and ILM, once in a while chiming in on the latter. I'll agree that we definitely need Phil's blog back, even if sometimes I can't believe how much I disagree with him.
Posted by: Jon Abbey at January 23, 2004 8:18 PMJohn (and Jon) has a point. David Keenan's rave review of the album I did with Arthur Doyle, and Tom Djll's nice words about "Metro Pre St Gervais" seemed not to make a blind bit of difference. I sometimes end up reviews with lines like "buy now or you'll regret it", but I'm not sure anybody does (though I think James Coleman rushed out & bought the Quatuor Accorde album after reading one such exhortation).
Hmm, that Pluramon.. I bought it yesterday (yep, still BUY discs from time to time :)), having read Rob Young's Wire rave. It's nice, well done, but hardly as exciting imho as Cornelius' "Point" the year before. It sounds a bit like Cocteau Twins with glitches. Nice studio work though. Hats off to Schmickler.
Like I've said a million times, why should we care whether a reviewer loves something unless we already know we generally agree with that reviewer? To give a recent example, I'm ordering the Leimgruber/Muller cd Brian just reviewed here, and not IN SPITE of his piece, but based on it--even though it's pretty clear he didn't exactly love it. Purchasing choices are, IMHO, a bit more complicated than people just buying stuff because somebody wrote somewhere that it's phenomenal.
Posted by: walto at January 24, 2004 7:41 AMPhil -- would you say that really well-written, damning criticism of pop consumer product is as useless as the kind of (pseudo-)intellectual capitulation you're describing here? Can it make a difference?
Mass media in America really has become a hell of self-reflectivity. I have to wonder just how much qualitative difference, if any, there is between coverage of the Madonna-Britney kiss, the "Bennifer" break-up, mad cow scares, and Howard Dean's Iowa concession rant.
Posted by: Joe Milazzo at January 24, 2004 8:49 AM>it is quite clear that your own plans to occupy a niche in which your actions are effective stem simply from a desire to feel special.
Coming, as I do, from something of an outsider perspective (metal kid "discovers" out jazz), I have a massive inferiority complex about my own writing, and indeed about the validity of my opinions. Particularly since my reading/listening is still so limited compared with the vast bulk of what's out there, I'm forever looking over my own figurative shoulder when writing, thinking "What record have I not heard, what article/book have I not read, that someone is going to claim invalidates my whole thesis, once this is published?" At the same time, I'm convinced that reviews can change things, at least when it comes to small-scale/indie/underground/fringe music, because they did for me. I would never have bought a Borbetomagus album had I not read Byron Coley's write-up on them in Spin back in 1988 or whenever. So I keep going, anticipating ridicule each time.
>would you say that really well-written, damning criticism of pop consumer product is as useless as the kind of (pseudo-)intellectual capitulation you're describing here? Can it make a difference?
I don't think it can. Which is why it's so important for writers to defend/fortify the underground, an arena in which debate is not only important, but necessary. Like I said above, "the pop edifice remains impassive, impenetrable. The pop industry is as indifferent to its sycophants as it is to its would-be assassins...Pop doesn’t care whether critics like it or not. Its power is in its omnipresence, in its irresistibility (irresistible like a tank through the front door, not like a chocolate truffle on the tongue). Pop is about control." Pop isn't about entertainment, it's about capitalism, and one of the core principles of large-scale capitalism is crushing the competition in order to increase one's own sales.
I'm not opposed to capitalism, obviously; I agree with Samuel Johnson's line that "none but a blockhead ever wrote, except for money." But the imperialism of pop is disturbing, especially since it seems like a shoddier and shoddier product is created each season, while making that product's advertising more inescapable and smug each time, too.
It seems to me, though, that when you're operating on a smaller scale, critics can actually make a difference. And there's no point in doing something, unless there's the chance of making a difference in the attempt.
Posted by: Phil Freeman at January 24, 2004 10:40 AM> I agree with Samuel Johnson's line that "none but a blockhead ever wrote, except for money."
Then you're talking to a whole lot of blockheads here...... ;)
You can write about popular musics for the same reason you may write about politics: not because you think it likely you'll make an enormous impact, but because trying to make sense of the world around you is a necessary act.
Posted by: ND at January 24, 2004 7:32 PMTo return to the Sasha Frere-Jones piece for a second, I thought it was pretty funny that he levelled the "you don't like it (Justin Timberlake) because the kids like it." Seems like a decades-old argument (Elvis Presley, swing music, even) to trot out as if JT was uncovering a new demographic.
To extend the "consumer guide" approach, wouldn't it be logical to scrap the traditional stars rating system and go for something more reflective of today's consumer logic? I suggest:
Ignore it
Stream it
Download it
Buy it
"Buy it" being, of course, the highest praise available, as it is the most expensive.
As for Phil's middle name, I'm dissappointed it doesn't start with C. Then I could have guessed Phil Crying Freeman.
Posted by: mke at January 25, 2004 6:15 AMsince you cite Too Beautiful To Burn in your piece, it's interesting to note that the NY Times will run a review of this tomorrow. I expect it to have little if any noticeable impact on sales (previous Times pieces haven't done much, seemingly), but who knows, we'll see.
Posted by: Jon Abbey at January 25, 2004 10:38 AMWhen I said that people here don't seem to visit the blogosphere, I wasn't thinking of the IHM posters.
Posted by: mke at January 25, 2004 1:27 PMWhat damning criticism of pop music I've seen seems to exhort the record companies to produce better pop music - some combination of nostalgia and frustration.Similarly anti-pop records (the very few that I've heard), usually trying to make some kind of statement against mass produced music, often use a poor-man's version of the same technology, and simply caricature music that's already comedically poor. Both kinds of criticism serve only to reinforce the strength of these products, since they exist only in opposition (if you can call it that) to mainstream pop music. If you talk, write and sing about how bad pop music is, at the end of the day, you're still talking writing and singing about pop-music. To critique something properly, you have to offer an alternative - to place pop music in the context of something else you can recommend either due to its musical content, means of production or both.
Pop writers aren:t justifying Timberlake albums by comparing them positively to the latest improvised music in Japan release - just a single negative mention would probably reach more readership than every review written about that or any other experimental music label for a year or so. As Phil points out, pop's success is due to its success in locking out sale or discourse about anything else, so talking about it only serves to divert much needed attention from the other music that needs it.
Posted by: Nat at January 25, 2004 3:27 PMAre we talking pop as a "genre" of sorts or as whatever sells more than X units?
Posted by: mke at January 25, 2004 3:42 PM"The snobbery -- for that's what it is -- stuck around. And so music critics laud bands of which few have even heard, implying that the bands' lack of success is a mark of genius. Literary critics tout neglected masterpieces, expressing contempt for the works of authors who have somehow managed to hoodwink a vast chunk of the population by selling spectacularly well. Film critics revel in the championing of unsung independent movies that only a brilliant sliver of observers are savvy enough to appreciate."
Posted by: mke at January 26, 2004 12:39 AM"Literary critics tout neglected masterpieces, expressing contempt for the works of authors who have somehow managed to hoodwink a vast chunk of the population by selling spectacularly well."
You know, it really is possible to do one without the other.
Posted by: walto at January 26, 2004 6:42 AMgetting back to the original post, and the Sasha Frere-Jones piece Phil linked to...
Phil, I agree with Sasha's taste even less than I do yours these days, but he wrote the first article anywhere on Erstwhile (Time Out New York, April 2000, a combined review of 004, 005 and 006). he used to have a great column in the NY Post, where he wrote about experimental music every Wednesday (I think). I definitely learned about some stuff from him, I even tried to get him higher-profile jobs a couple of places (before I'd even met him). now he has a family to support, and people will pay considerably more to write about pop music, more power to him. he's still very entertaining to read, even if you don't care at all about the music he talks about.
also, as a side point, critics can make a difference in pop music sales, at least they could a few years ago. I worked at Time for ten years, and the nincompoop critic there (Chris Farley, not the large dead comedian) occasionally championed slightly different things. for instance, he really helped break Green Day big, and I think he helped the Fugees and their side projects a lot also.
with experimental art, most people stop trying as hard to push themselves at some point along the way, musicians, critics, listeners. if you're not one of those people in some regard, then just keep doing what you're doing, and try to minimize whining about the people who have. I think what frustrates you (Phil) sometimes is that you want to be an expert on every area of music, and no one can be.
Posted by: Jon Abbey at January 26, 2004 7:59 AMJon,
Interesting to learn about Sasha's background. Reading the end-of-year music club group discussion on Slate, the topics and albums/singles covered were almost laughably Top 40-bound.
Posted by: mke at January 29, 2004 3:35 AMyeah, that's what he's into these days, he can listen with his kids and his wife.
Sasha also was/is a member of the band Ui, who among other things, contributed a track to the Tom Ze remix CD. and when he was running his own label, Bingo, he commissioned and assembled one of Derek Bailey's most interesting projects of the past decade, Playbacks.
Posted by: Jon Abbey at January 29, 2004 7:56 AMMaybe this quote sums up the POV PDF is arguing against:
"This is of course true; and it would be absurd to deny that you can find great records in every year, if you look hard enough. But it's precisely that notion of having to search out greatness that for me marks out a down period in Pop."
http://k-punk.abstractdynamics.org/archives/001432.html
Interesting piece there. This is the part I reacted to most strongly:
"Partly what I find unsatisfying in Popism is its divorcing of Pop from social energy...What is the dominance of Celebreality if not an isolating of Pop(ism)'s purest features - glitz, glamour and the Song - all eerily separated from any supporting social trends. No bands, groups, packs: only consumer apotheosis, the telematic auto-domination of the silent majorities, passively driving the whole process from their/ our armchairs. "
Posted by: Phil Freeman at January 29, 2004 1:25 PMPerhaps its also a question of Status versus Contract. I mean, attenuated though they may be, we are talking here about social interactions.
I feel that what Phil is advocating is that critics and artists establish a contract -- better, compact -- with their audiences, one in which the terms are rather transparent. The idea that any given pop star or critics wields power in his / her role as Arbiter and Oracle is dangerous only so far as people recognize and thus continue to validate the idea of Status as such. Lester Bangs wrote often about this difficulty, if I think about it, especially in his early essays on The Stooges (and their apparent "amatuerism") and in that famous piece where he describes getting up onstage with the J. Geils Band to "jam" on his typewriter... But people still seem psychologically attached to Status, and it is worth remembering that contracts can codify abnd enforce inequities as much as anything else.
Not that I think you're advocating, that, Phil. I find much to admire in your position. And I wouldn't say it is "elitist", not even in an attempt to be ironic. I would say, however, that is is disciplined.
Posted by: Joe Milazzo at January 29, 2004 2:25 PMA little off-topic but just wanted to say I liked the layout of the site
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